Fig. 1: A chest radiograph of a 29-year-old man with severe vomiting shows subtle streaks of lucencies in the mediastinum (along the left heart border - arrows), and into the cervical region (arrowheads).
Fig. 2: Coronal-reformatted chest CT image confirms the presence of pneumomediastinum (arrows) and cervical emphysema (arrowheads). A small left pneumothorax is noted on CT (not shown). No esophageal, tracheal or major broncheal perforation was noted on esophagoscopy and bronchoscopy.
Radiographic Findings of Pneumomediastinum (= normal mediastinal structures outlined by air)
- Thymic sail sign
- Pneumoprecardium (lateral chest radiograph)
- Ring around the artery sign
- Tubular artery sign
- Continuous diaphragm sign
Sources of Pneumomediastinum
- Intrathoracic: trachea, major bronchi, esophagus, lungs, pleural space
- Extrathoracic: head and neck (sinus), intraperitoneum and retroperitonum (hollow viscus)
In our case, pneumomediastinum was presumed to be due to alveolar rupture from severe vomiting.
Reference:
Zylak CM, Standen JR, Barnes GR, Zylak CJ. Pneumomediastinum revisited. Radiographics 2000;20:1043-1057.