- Vascular
- Biliary
- Extrahepatic
Major complication = those that if left untreated will threaten patient's life, causing substantial morbidity and disability, resulting in hospital admission or lengthen the hospital stay
Frequency of Complications
- 4% per complete treatment or 1.9% per treatment session (Major)
- 1.7% per complete treatment or 0.8% per treatment session (Minor)
- In a series of 1000 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor seeding was the most common complication (1.5%), followed by liver abscess (0.7%), biloma (0.7%), portal vein thrombosis (0.4%) and bleeding requiring blood transfusion (0.4%).
Image Credit:
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/photocat/photos_more_pc.cfm?pg=rfa
Reference:
Akahane M, Koga H, Kato N, et al. Complications of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging spectrum and management. Radiographics 2005; 25:S57-S68.
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